Optical Neuroimaging and Cognition (ONAC)
Research type
Research Study
Full title
Wearable optical monitoring of brain function in healthy adults and people with dementia
IRAS ID
319284
Contact name
Emilia Butters
Contact email
Sponsor organisation
Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Cambridge
Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier
Duration of Study in the UK
1 years, 4 months, 1 days
Research summary
There are several different types of dementia including Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). Due to the overlapping symptomatology across types of dementia and the lack of objective biomarkers currently available for dementia, misdiagnosis rates are high. Additionally, the transition from what is commonly thought to be an intermediate stage, termed Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), to dementia, is not well defined. Neurovascular and metabolic dysfunction has been strongly linked to neurodegeneration and dementia, however, a mechanistic understanding of this link has not been fully developed.
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive, non-ionising and portable neuroimaging technique which uses light to quantify changes in concentration of oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin in the brain. As such, it is a highly attractive alternative to functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as it allows access to a wider variety of individuals, can be used at the bedside or in patients’ own homes, and is significantly less intrusive. Compared to other wearable alternatives, such as Electroencephalography, NIRS is easier to set up, has a higher signal to noise ratio and allows for better source localisation, such that establishing relationships between signal changes and pathological network changes is more achievable.
To identify how the brain’s haemodynamics and metabolism is altered in dementia, this study will use NIRS in 25 patients with AD, 25 patients with DLB, 50 patients with MCI and 100 healthy controls. This study will be conducted by the School of Technology and the School of Clinical Medicine at the University of Cambridge.
Firstly, we will perform several cognitive tests in these patient groups whilst measuring brain activity using a state-of-the-art, dual-wavelength, high-density NIRS device to map how the brain’s haemodynamics are altered in dementia. Secondly, we will perform further cognitive tests using broadband NIRS to measure how neurometabolism is altered across the patient groups. We will also relate the optical data to several facets of cognition that these cognitive tests will measure including memory, attention, and motor function. Several questionnaires will also be administered to assess non-cognitive symptoms such as depression and sleep disturbances. If participants in the late-stage patient groups (AD, DLB) have not had an MRI scan, or had one over two years ago, they will also undertake an MRI scan to enable the localisation of brain activity, measured by NIRS, by accounting for individual differences in brain structure and atrophy patterns.
We shall compare all patient groups (AD, DLB, MCI) with healthy controls to determine how the brain’s haemodynamics and metabolism are altered in dementia, as well as how this relates to both behavioural scores (collected during cognitive testing) and clinical scores (using either data collected from questionnaires or patient’s own clinical history). Through combining the two NIRS techniques, we shall also determine the nature of the relationship between the blood oxygenation in the surrounding vasculature and the intra-neuronal metabolic activity, and how this relationship may be altered in dementia and across different types of dementia. Additionally, we shall apply computational methods, such as machine learning (see Analysis for more detail), to identify haemodynamic and/or metabolic signatures for use as biomarkers in the clinic.
REC name
Wales REC 3
REC reference
22/WA/0328
Date of REC Opinion
17 Jan 2023
REC opinion
Further Information Favourable Opinion