Adjusting after a traumatic birth: Early post-partum experiences
Research type
Research Study
Full title
Women and birthing people’s experiences of early post-partum adjustment following a traumatic birth
IRAS ID
337120
Contact name
Andrew Gumley
Contact email
Sponsor organisation
University of Glasgow
Duration of Study in the UK
0 years, 9 months, 28 days
Research summary
Summary of Research
Background
Research investigating experiences of birth trauma has focussed predominantly on the factors contributing to the development and experience of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during the post-partum period. The use of diagnostic criteria to categorise experiences of birth trauma is widely debated as being too narrow and it is argued that an inclusive definition of birth trauma may allow for a broader understanding of birth trauma. There is limited understanding of how individuals who have experienced a subjectively traumatic birth navigate adjustment during the early post-partum period. Research suggests that most women do not develop PTSD but may still be impacted by the experience of their birth during the post-partum period.Aims
To explore adjustment following traumatic childbirth experiences during the early post-partum period within a community sample. The study aims to use an inclusive definition of birth trauma to ensure a broad range of experiences are represented.Methods
Participants will be identified from the community by NHS Ayrshire and Arran (NHS AA) community midwives and health visitors at first contact. Participants will complete semi-structured interviews which will be analysed using Thematic Analysis.Practical Applications
This research will contribute to the limited literature base exploring birthing parents’ experiences of post-partum adjustment following a traumatic birth and provide a greater understanding the immediate impact of a traumatic birth as an experience rather than a set of symptoms. A greater understanding of the impact of birth trauma experiences may help clinicians and organisations to normalise and validate people’s experiences after birth.Summary of Results
Women and birthing people’s experiences of early post-partum adjustment following a traumatic birth.Background: Research suggests that approximately one third of women perceive their experience of childbirth to have been traumatic (Ayers, 2004). Research investigating women’s experiences of birth trauma has focused predominantly on the factors contributing to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the experience of PTSD during the post-partum period. There is limited understanding of how individuals who have experienced a subjectively traumatic birth navigate adjustment to life during the early post-partum period.
Aims: This study aimed to explore experiences and needs of women and birthing people during the early postpartum period following a traumatic birth.
Research Questions: (1) What are women and birthing people’s experiences of early post-partum adjustment following a traumatic birth? (2) What support or information would be helpful for women and birthing people in the early post-partum period following a traumatic birth?
Methods: Participants were women who had given birth within NHS Ayrshire and Arran and perceived their birth to have been traumatic. Six women took part in interviews about their experiences of adjusting to life with their new baby after a traumatic birth. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis.
Findings: Reflexive thematic analysis revealed three overarching themes:
1. Personal Adaptation: Participants described a journey from physical and cognitive recovery to emotional processing and acceptance. Many experienced pain, exhaustion, and trauma symptoms such as flashbacks and nightmares. Over time, they developed coping strategies and reflected on their experiences, moving toward resilience and post-traumatic growth.2. A System Under Pressure: Women’s interactions with the healthcare system significantly influenced their recovery. While some received compassionate care, others felt dismissed or unsupported due to staff shortages and poor communication. Lack of continuity and trauma-informed practice contributed to feelings of abandonment and distress, exacerbating the impact of their birth trauma.
3. Becoming a Mother: The transition to motherhood was shaped by physical limitations, anxiety, and a need for control. Participants reported fears about their baby’s wellbeing and their own parenting adequacy. Support from partners, family, and peers was vital in helping them adjust and build confidence.
Conclusions: Overall, the findings highlight the need for improved trauma-informed care, better communication, and accessible support resources. Enhancing maternity services to address these areas could significantly improve outcomes for women recovering from birth trauma.
An explanation of terminology:
The gender additive terminology ‘women and birthing people’ (WABP) has been used within the research question and throughout the research documentation, as advised by Green and Riddington (2020a), to ensure that the research felt inclusive and accessible to individuals of all gender identities. The current literature base uses the terminology ‘woman/women’, therefore for continuity, this language is reflected in the text. All participants recorded their gender as ‘female’ and are referred to as ‘women’ throughout.REC name
North of Scotland Research Ethics Committee 2
REC reference
24/NS/0038
Date of REC Opinion
23 Apr 2024
REC opinion
Further Information Favourable Opinion